Κλειστό, ιδιόκτητο ή ιδιοταγές για proprietary λογισμικό;
Ένα συχνό πρόβλημα είναι η επιλογή της ελληνικής μετάφρασης του όρου proprietary software.
Κατά την Wikipedia, proprietary software είναι
computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use, private modification, copying, or republishing. Similar terms include “closed-source software” and “non-free software”.
Για κάποιο λόγο δεν υπάρχει προτίμηση στο «κλειστό λογισμικό» και βλέπουμε την τάση προς τον όρο «ιδιόκτητο λογισμικό».Το πρόβλημα με το ιδιόκτητο είναι ότι έχουμε μια γενική έννοια για την οποία γίνεται χρήση σε πολύ διαφορετικά πράγματα. Για παράδειγμα, τα «ιδιόκτητα δίκτυα επικοινωνιών», σε εταιρίες όπως Forthnet και HOL. Το «ιδιόκτητο δάσος», το «ιδιόκτητο διαμέρισμα».
Κατά το λεξικό στο komvos.edu.gr,
ιδιόκτητος -η -ο [iδióktitos] E5 : που τον έχει κάποιος ως ιδιωτική περιουσία: Kατοικώ σε ιδιόκτητο διαμέρισμα. [λόγ. < αρχ. ἰδιόκτητος]
Μια τρίτη επιλογή είναι το «ιδιοταγές λογισμικό» (4 αποτελέσματα από το Google). Αν ψάξουμε όμως σκέτα «ιδιοταγές» θα δούμε περισσότερα αποτελέσματα, και συγκεκριμένα χρήση όπως «ιδιοταγές τηλεφωνικό σύστημα», «ιδιοταγές PBX», «ιδιοταγές βύσμα USB», «ιδιοταγές πρωτόκολλο», η «ιδιοταγής λύση από την Texas Instruments». Δεν κατάφερα να βρω σε κάποιο λεξικό «online» τον όρο αυτό.
Τι επιλέγουμε;
Ως κοινότητα ΕΛΛΑΚ, είναι στο χέρι μας ποιος όρος θα περάσει. Για παράδειγμα, είμαστε στη διαδικασία καθιέρωσης του όρου «ιστολόγιο» και μιας σειράς άλλων όρων. Γενικά την καθιέρωση αυτή δεν την κάνουμε με οργανωμένο τρόπο με αποτέλεσμα να μην είμαστε πάντα αποτελεσματικοί.
Για τον όρο ιδιόκτητο βλέπουμε ότι γίνεται παράλληλη χρήση σε άλλα πράγματα από το proprietary. Ακόμα, και κατά το λεξικό σημαίνει κάτι άλλο. Πιστεύω ότι θα ήταν καλό να απορρίψουμε τον όρο αυτό και να κάνουμε συλλογική στροφή σε κάτι άλλο.
Ο όρος ιδιοταγής (ιδιοταγές λογισμικό) φαίνεται αρκετά καλός, είναι σε χρήση μόνο για τη μετάφραση του proprietary και ελπίζω να μην ανακαλυφθεί χρήση του σε κάτι άσχετο από το proprietary. Αν ως κοινότητα μπορούμε να δράσουμε συλλογικά, τότε θα μπορούσαμε να αλλάξουμε στον όρο αυτό.
Αν ως κοινότητα δεν μπορέσουμε να συμφωνήσουμε να δράσουμε συλλογικά στο ζήτημα αυτό, τότε η επιλογή «κλειστό λογισμικό» είναι πιστεύω μια κοινή λύση.
Η προσωπική μου επιλογή είναι να έχουμε το «ιδιοταγές λογισμικό» ως τον τεχνικό όρο για «proprietary software» ενώ να επιτρέπουμε και τη χρήση του «κλειστού λογισμικού» (σε σχέση με το ανοιχτό/ελεύθερο λογισμικό).
Φυσικά είμαι ανοιχτός σε συζήτηση.
Ενημέρωση 29Νοε2008:
Κατά το Ορόγραμμα, τεύχος 16, (Ιανουάριος/Φεβρουάριος 1996),
Στη ΓΩΝΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΓΕΣΥ …έλα κι εσύ (K.B.)
Πρόβλημα Αρ.16
Ανάμεσα στις προτάσεις που εξέτασε το ΓΕΣΥ είναι και οι ακόλουθες:
Πρόταση Θέση του ΓΕΣΥ
proprietary=ιδιογενής ΟΧΙ. Δεν αφορά προέλευση ( -γένεια),
αλλά κυριότητα. Τίθεται υπό διερεύ-
νηση η απόδοση:
proprietary=ιδιοκτησιακός, ιδιοκυ-
ριότητας.
Ενημέρωση 30Νοε2008:
Ύστερα από επικοινωνία με την Ελληνική Εταιρία Ορολογίας (ΕΛΕΤΟ) και τον κ. Βαλεοντή, έλαβα την παρακάτω διευκρίνηση για τη μετάφραση του όρου proprietary στα ελληνικά.
Help make «DocBook XML to PDF» work for Greek
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”utf-8″?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC “-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN”
“http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd”>
<article lang=”en”>
<section><title>Title</title>
<para>ëãáâṩẫëĝéõōåőȩçą</para>
<para>ЁЂыњѨѬѺѸѶѦщЖЊЌЍШЩзф</para>
<para>ᾶᾳὰέᾁᾂδϕϟϸϡϸϸαϷϕϲδϕϛ€ϕ©ϖϐͻ©ϖϐ</para>
</section>
</article>
This is an issue that I would appreciate if someone could help in solving.
The above document (mytestfile.xml) is a DocBook XML document with text in many scripts (latin, cyrillic and greek). Normally it was difficult to convert to PDF, until recently.
Now, one can run
dblatex --backend=xetex --verbose mytestfile.xml
(requires to install the dblatex package and any dependencies) and it creates mytestfile.pdf. If you have a fresh installation of Ubuntu 8.10 and you go through the process of installing these packages, please make a list of them, to use as advice for new users.
Generated PDF document with lang=en
Since we use XeTeX as a backend, we can work with Unicode text directly, which is the proper thing to do. Above you can see that all characters are shown (except a few obscure ones that are not found in DejaVu Sans and are shown as boxes). You can see Latin (+Extended), Cyrillic (+Extended), Greek (+Extended) in the same document.
Generated PDF document with lang=el
The issue arises when we change the lang modifier in the document above, from en to el. Here you see Τιτλε, which in fact is Title but with the characters replaced with their Greek equivalent. This is a sign for non-Unicode, 8-bit encoding conversion issue. In addition, some of the rest of the characters are shown, and apparently a strange conversion took place.
What we need to do is figure out is how to fix xetex when ‘lang=el’. There is some work to get Greek XeTeX support upstream, and there are instructions on how to add local Greek XeTeX support in your distribution.
What we need is instructions on how to fix the Greek XeTeX support in Ubuntu 8.10, and test that dblatex can generate documents correctly when lang=el.
For your testing, here are the files mytestfile-en.pdf, mytestfile-el.pdf, mytestfile-en.xml, mytestfile-el.xml.
Rendering bug in Firefox, threat level: annoyance
There is this rendering bug in Firefox that currently can be classified as an annoyance.
It was discovered during a discussion at the Ubuntu-GR mailing list and reported in June 2008, and at that time it would cause Firefox to crash. Therefore, it was deemed as a security issue, and the bug report was not made public. Just recently, the issue was revisited, current versions of Firefox do not crash, and the security tag was removed. It is quite possible that there is some existing report on the issue, and not being classified as a security bug, it will be easier sort out. Thus, have a look at bug report #441307.
The source of the rendering bug is the HTML code
<HR WIDTH=143165425 ALIGN=RIGHT>
So, you send an HTML e-mail and you add the above code. The code says to show a Horizontal line, with some huge width (here, you simply put 143165425).
If you received such an annoying e-mail, here is how it may look like (Yahoo WebMail)
How GMail might look like when you receive such an HTML email.
Some versions of Firefox respond differently to this rendering bug, which probably relates to a different set of linked libraries. For example, the Firefox 3 found in Ubuntu Linux 8.10 is able to show the e-mail in GMail just fine (though it messes up with other pages). The above screenshots are by Minefield 3.1b2pre (64-bit). The Windows version of Firefox is also affected.
To try out yourself, create a file /tmp/mypoc.html with contents
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN”>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=”#ffffff”>
<TABLE WIDTH=100% BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=2 BGCOLOR=”#e0e0e0″>
<TR>
<TD>
<HR WIDTH=143165425 ALIGN=RIGHT>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
This is a test.
<HR WIDTH=143165425 ALIGN=RIGHT>
Some more text.
</BODY>
</HTML>
Load it up in Firefox. Click to Select All, then Copy. You can then paste in your mailer, when you compose as HTML (for example, with Thunderbird).
Just to reiterate, this issue is currently at level annoyance, unless someone manages to produce an HTML file that can crash Firefox. If you manage to do so, please file a bug report at http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/ and specify the security settting so that the bug gets high priority.
How to install the 64-bit Adobe Flash Player 10 for Linux in Ubuntu Linux?
Update 2 May 2010: There is a repository for Flash 64bit at https://launchpad.net/~sevenmachines/+archive/flash Though I have not tried this, I suggest to give it a try. I tried this and it works like a charm. Uninstall flashplugin-nonfree, add the new PPA repository with sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sevenmachines/flash and then install flashplugin64-nonfree.
Again, the commands are
sudo apt-get remove flashplugin-nonfree
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sevenmachines/flash
sudo apt-get install flashplugin64-nonfree
Original post: So you just read the announcement from Adobe for the alpha version of the 64-bit Flash Player 10 for Linux and you want to install in Ubuntu Linux?
Here is how to do it.
- First, we understand that the flashplugin-nonfree package that is currently available to those with 64-bit Ubuntu Linux, installs the 32-bit version of Flash and uses the nspluginwrapper tool to make it work.
- After some time, I expect that the flashplugin-nonfree will stop using nspluginwrapper and will simply install Adobe Flash Player 10 (64-bit) for Linux. So you need to have a look in your package manager and the package description in case flashplugin-nonfree has already been updated. If flashplugin-nonfree has been updated, stop reading now.
- Close Mozilla Firefox.
- Uninstall the flashplugin-nonfree package using your package manager, or simply running sudo apt-get remove flashplugin-nonfree
- Download the alpha version of the 64-bit Adobe Flash Player 10 for Linux and extract the file from the archive. You will get a libflashplayer.so file, which is about 10MB is size.
- If you want all users in your system to have this alpha version of Adobe Flash Player 10 for Linux, copy the libflashplayer.so file to /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/. The command is sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
- If you want just the current user to try out the Flash player, copy the libflashplayer.so file to /home/yourUSERNAME/.mozilla/plugins/. The command is cp libflashplayer.so ~/.mozilla/plugins/
- Check that in ~/.mozilla/plugins/ there is no dormant file with the name npwrapper.libflashplayer.so. A common issue with people who migrate their profiles is to perform a simply copy of the profile. The effect of this is sometimes there is an actual file called npwrapper.libflashplayer.so instead of a symbolic link. The result is that these people would end up using some old buggy version of nspluginwrapper which might be the cause of Firefox crashes! When you backup, use cp -a, so symbolic links remain symbolic links.
- You can now start Mozilla Firefox. Visit about:plugins and verify that the version of Flash is something like Shockwave Flash 10.0 d20. Make sure there is no remnant of any other previous Flash player.
- If you want to return back to the 32-bit Flash Player with emulation, remove the file we just added and install again the flashplugin-nonfree package.
The instructions for other distributions should be fairly similar.
Ubuntu 8.10, PulseAudio and Skype Problem
You installed Ubuntu 8.10, then added Skype, you try out Skype and you notice that the microphone does not work.
What’s wrong? If you search the lists, you can find some indications, however no proper explanation of what’s the source of the problem. Without having the Skype Linux developers explain, it’s difficult to know what is goind on.
Some instructions advise to disable PulseAudio. That is not a proper solution, so we ignore. We aim forward not backwards.
Some other instructions suggest to remove the pulseaudio package, then add it back again. I do not understand how that helps over /etc/init.d/pulseaudio restart.
Skype sound device settings
The workaround that works for me is to keep the settings to pulse and set Sound In to HDA Intel (hw:Intel, 0).
Recording does not go through PulseAudio but it interfaces directly to the sound card.
Remember that before trying to troubleshoot Skype, make sure that recording and playback works with Applications▶Sound&Video▶Sound Recorder.
Updated to Ubuntu 8.10
I just updated my system to Ubuntu 8.10. Since I had a separate partition for /home, I opted to actually reinstall while retaining the files in /home. The rest of the post is a laundry list of tips.
I could not find a blank CD or CDRW, so I opted to write the installation 8.10 ISO to a USB stick, then rebooted with the USB stick and finally installed. It was really fast and and convenient.
All hardware was properly detected (sound card: snd-hda-intel, wifi: iwl3945, bluetooth, intel graphics card). Regarding the sound card, some kind soul probably submitted the PCI ID and model information to the ALSA project, so there is no need anymore to specify manually.
I upgraded the stock OpenOffice.org 2.4.1 to OpenOffice.org 3.0. There are many ways to do it, however the easiest is to simply add the software source
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/openoffice-pkgs/ubuntu intrepid main
and let the system update itself automatically. For more on this, see the instructions at softpedia.
OpenOffice.org does not support OpenType fonts yet. I had the impression that OpenOffice.org 3.0 could see OpenType fonts but had trouble printing or exporting to PDF. My test showed that OOo 3.0 could not see OpenType fonts such as the ttf-gfs-* fonts, even when trying to force loading with spadmin. OpenType support is scheduled for the next version of OpenOffice.org. For now, we can use the wide range of TTF fonts.
I installed VirtualBox by adding the repository details described at the VirtualBox Linux Download webpage. Then, I tried to search with Add/Remove or Synaptic, however I could not find the virtuabox package. Only the virtualbox-ose packages were visible. It appears there is some sort of bug in the package description. If you open Synaptic, then click on the Origin (Προέλευση) filter which shows packages per repository. Select the virtualbox repository and you can eventually see virtualbox-2.0. Pretty weird.
For Evolution Mail, previously one would package the files manually and then restore them. This was error-prone because the account information are saved in gconf, the passwords in ~/.gnome2_private, etc. The proper solution is to remember to perform a backup before installing a new version of Ubuntu. In Ubuntu 8.04 and Evolution (from GNOME 2.22) there is an option to backup your settings, which includes mails and all. You finally restore in your new system; when the new Evolution starts for the first time, you are asked whether you want to restore a previous backup.
Firefox would freeze momentarily for some strange reason. I run from the command line and I noticed that some pages that had references to Flash material would freeze Firefox while trying to locate the Flash plugin. This was solved be installing flashplugin-nonfree.
I installed the updated Greek layout, so I can now type ϡϠϸϕϟαϛϚϖϐʹ͵ϻϺ«»ᾶᾅἒᾥ in the same layout.
Update #1: Ubuntu 8.10 works better with a dual head configuration. In System/Preferences/Screen resolution, you can activate the second display. The utility realises that the (currently) hard-coded maximum virtual display is not big enough to accomodate both monitors, and it asks you to edit automatically the xorg configuration file in order to add the setting for you. After a logout and re-login sequences, dual head works. Sadly for my graphics card, this means that there is no 3D support in this mode. With Intel 965GM, if the virtual screen does not fit in 2048×2048, then you no can haz 3D. Actually, if I align the displays vertically, they do fit and I would be able to get 3D.
Update #2: Time to put the system temperature sensors (CPU, hard disk). For the backend, we install the lm-sensors and hddtemp packages. With lm-sensors, we need to run sudo sensors-detect so that the appropriate settings can be detected. If you have a recent Intel CPU, this will probably find that you need to add the coretemp kernel module to /etc/modules, then reboot to activate it. For the hard disk temperature, simply install hddtemp and choose yes when prompted to add the hddtemp service. For the front-end, install the sensors-applet applet. You need to logout and login again so that this applet, called Hardware Sensors Monitor, appears in the applets list. Once you add, click to enable all available sensors in the preferences.
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