Διανομή Linux για μικρά συστήματα
Προέρχεται από τον simosx.
Υπάρχουν μια σειρά από διανομές Linux που δεν έχουν μεγάλες απαιτήσεις σε χώρο στο σκληρό δίσκο ή επιδόσεις από τον επεξεργαστή. Ακόμα, είναι εύκολο να γίνει η εγκατάστασή τους σε USB stick/CDROM/Προσομοιωτή/ZIP Disk/Σκληρό δίσκο/κτλ με αποτέλεσμα να είναι αρκετά φορητά.
Τέτοιες διανομές είναι
- Feather Linux, που συνδυάζει όλα τα αρχεία σε λιγότερο από 128ΜΒ (βασίζεται σε Knoppix remaster),
- Damn Small Linux (DSL), που συνδυάζει όλα τα αρχεία σε λιγότερο από 50ΜΒ.
- Puppy Linux (PuppyOS), που συνδυάζει όλα τα αρχεία σε λιγότερο από 70ΜΒ.
Για το Damn Small Linux (DSL), τα χαρακτηριστικά είναι
- Boot from a business card CD as a live linux distribution (LiveCD)
- Boot from a USB pen drive
- Boot from within a host operating system (that's right, it can run *inside* Windows)
- Run very nicely from an IDE Compact Flash drive via a method we call "frugal install"
- Transform into a Debian OS with a traditional hard drive install
- Run light enough to power a 486DX with 16MB of Ram
- Run fully in RAM with as little as 128MB (you will be amazed at how fast your computer can be!)
- Modularly grow -- DSL is highly extendable without the need to customize
Για το Puppy Linux (PuppyOS), τα χαρακτηριστικά είναι
- Puppy will easily install to USB, Zip or hard drive media.
- Booting from CD, Puppy will load totally into RAM so that the CD drive is then free for other purposes.
- Booting from CD, Puppy can save everything back to the CD, no need for a hard drive.
- Booting from USB, Puppy will greatly minimise writes, to extend the life of Flash devices indefinitely.
- Puppy will be extremely friendly for Linux newbies.
- Puppy will boot up and run extraordinarily fast.
- Puppy will have all the applications needed for daily use.
- Puppy will just work, no hassles.
- Puppy will breathe new life into old PCs
Τέτοιες διανομές είναι πολύ σημαντικές διότι προσεγγίζουν τη λειτουργικότητα του OLPC.
Χρησιμοποίησα το Puppy OS σε USB stick και παρακάτω είναι μια σειρά από σχόλια
- Σε τυπικό φορητό υπολογιστή Pentium M, η διανομή είναι πολύ διαδραστική. Κάθε λειτουργία ξεκινά πολύ γρήγορα και δεν ακούς καθόλου το ανεμιστηράκι (ίσως πρέπει να ενεργοποιήσετε το powersave kernel module για το φορητό σας
). - Οι διανομές αυτές χρησιμοποιούν τον πυρήνα 2.4.x. Είδα ότι υπήρχαν χρήστες που έκαναν αναβάθμιση σε 2.6.x, δεν ξέρω αν αλλάζει κάτι σημαντικό στη διαδραστικότητα ή στη χρήση της μνήμης.
- Υπάρχει Firefox και δουλεύει αρκετά καλά. Ωστόσο, ο υπολογιστής έχει 512ΜΒ RAM και μπορείτε να δείτε στο στιγμιότυπο ότι γίνεται χρήση ενός σεβαστού ποσού της μνήμης.
- Το Abiword ξεκινά πολύ γρήγορα, είναι διαδραστικό. Πολύ όμορφα.
- Δεν κατάφερα να γράψω ελληνικά διότι η έκδοση αυτή του XFree86 δεν είχε τα απαραίτητα αρχεία με τις διατάξεις πληκτρολογίου. Γενικά θα είναι προβληματική η κατάσταση αυτή αν δεν υπάρχει μικροεφαρμογή που να δείχνει την τρέχουσα ενεργή διάταξη πληκτρολογίου.
- Η βασική γραμματοσειρά δεν έχει ποιοτικά ελληνικά, μπορεί κάποιος να εγκαταστήσει DejaVu ρίχνοντας τα αρχεία στο ~/.fonts/
- Υπάρχει διαχειριστής πακέτων και μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε νέες εφαρμογές σχετικά εύκολα.
- Ο διαχειριστής παραθύρων νομίζω ότι είναι ο fvwm. Η βασική εγκατάσταση είναι αρκετά βασική. Ωστόσο, άλλοι χρήστες κατάφεραν και είχαν πολύ καλύτερο αποτέλεσμα.
- Κατά την εκκίνηση γίνεται αντιγραφή του περιεχομένου του USB stick στο σκληρό δίσκο. Δεν ξέρω αν αυτό είναι απαίτηση ή γίνεται για λόγους ταχύτητας. Μετά το κλείσιμο του υπολογιστή, το αρχείο αυτό αντιγράφεται πίσω στο USB stick.
Ενημέρωση: Υλοποίηση proof-of-concept με τη χρήση του Puppy Linux για το OLPC.
Free Alaa!

Alaa is a young prominent Egyptian blogger that was arrested and jailed among 47 activists on 7th May 2006 during a peaceful demonstration in Cairo.
His personal website and blog, shared with his wife Manal, is http://www.manalaa.net/ has the latest news about his condition.
There is a petition by Hands Across the Mideast Support Alliance (HAMSA) to free Alaa, which I copy:
Demand Egyptian Regime Release Alaa from Tora Prison
Alaa Abd El-Fatah is one of Egypt's most prominent bloggers and free speech advocates. He and his wife Manal run the popular blog BitBucket, which collects posts from dozens of Egyptian blogs and which won a "Best of the Blogs" award in December from Reporters Without Borders.
On Saturday (May 7), Alaa was arrested with a group of activists during a peaceful demonstration outside a Cairo courthouse. The rally denounced disciplinary hearings for two reform judges and arrests of protestors at previous demonstrations. Alaa and a group of other demonstrators were cornered by Egyptian police, and security agents then apparently handpicked individual protestors for arrest.
Alaa seems to have been targeted because of his high profile: he helps organizes the protests and spread the information through the blog aggregator he runs. He is now being held in notorious Tora Prison — and his arrest seems designed to both shut down his blog aggregator and scare other Egyptian bloggers. But you can send a message to the Egyptian government through the petition below (you can edit the petition text), which will generate an email to political leaders who can secure Alaa's release.
The petition will be sent to:
- Egypt's Ambassador to the US Nabil Fahmy
- Egyptian Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif
- Egypt's Interior Minister Habib El Adly
- US Ambassador to Egypt Francis Ricciardone
- US Assistant Secretary of State David Welch
This campaign has been signed 1047[check page for latest figure] times. Click here to see who's signed.
Join the Campaign
Alaa is speaking (has the mic) at an event about Open-Source software for NGOs in Africa.
Domains and Webhosting #2
There are loads of companies that offer webhosting services. We distinguish between dedicated webhosting (you have a server on your own at the datacentre), virtual private server (VPS) (a server is partitioned to virtual private servers through VMWare, Xen or other) and shared webhosting (you share the server, you get your own virtual host in Apache).
The most affordable of the three is shared webhosting and prices start at around 20 euros per year for facilities that allow you to run your own WordPress blog.
To run your own WordPress blog, you need
- Apache (Linux, etc but preferably not Windows)
- mysql database
- ability to upload files (typically FTP upload)
- PHP
- mod_rewrite is preferable
- safe_mod off for PHP is preferable
- disk space at least 20MB for WordPress
- monthly bandwidth at least 2GB (for typical non-mainstream blog)
It is important that the webhosting provider allows you to administer your webhosting options and offer a tool like cPanel.
Normally you do not get shell access. In some cases you do, as long as you provide a photo ID.
Normally you do not get a backup option as it tends to be complicated to apply. For a WordPress blog, the typical changes are applied in the mysql database so there are no files that change over time (apart from plugin installation). Therefore, it is good to have a way to backup your mysql database. You could use phpmyadmin to backup your database, however it is more suitable to use something like the WordPress Database Backup plugin.
If you have recommendations for webhosting, post them as comments.
Domains and Webhosting #1
You plan to buy a domain and you are looking a good company to make bussiness with? When buying a domain, you essentially rent it. That is, you pay an amount of money which gives you ownership from one to ten years. The most common situation is when you pay per year and therefore renew every year.
When you buy a new domain, make sure the price is low (it should be less than US$10 for international domains). Established companies such as Network Solutions (often written as NetSol in forums) charge around US$35 for the same product.
When you buy a domain, make sure the price is not strangely too low. In this case, check the fine print to see what the price is for renewals. Normally it is the same price as buying one.
When you buy a domain, you have the right to change registrar if you want to. There are specific rules to follow, however, essentially you can transfer to any other registrar. You normally do not have to pay for the transfer; you need to obtain an authorisation code from the existing registrar and give that to the new registrar. Both steps can take place from the administration pages of each of your accounts with the registrars. When moving to another registrar, your current registrar can be a pain by not acknowledging the transfer. Therefore, the transfer can take up to 5-7 days before a timeout is exceeded. You would need to contact their customer support to get them moving (hello mydomain.com).
As an owner of a new domain, you can have a list of free services such as URL redirection (forwarding all requests to your domain to a specific URL), mail forwarding to the e-mail of your choice (xxx@yourdomain.com), privacy options so that your personal details are not shown in a WHOIS query and more.
There are different companies offering domain registration services. I would recommend those companies that do registrations professionaly; customers would use them to buy hundreds of domains. Typically, the price for a .com, .net and .org domain is around US$6-7.
Check the comments of this post for recommendation of registrars.
Mydomain sucks!
No, it's not my domain that sucks, it's mydomain.com sucks, a web-hosting company.
Last June I chose mydomain.com to move my website to, as they had a special offer for a domain transfer and webhosting. Since my needs for my Website were specific, I gladly accepted the offer.
Since then, the service was good; I did not have to bother them as everything was working ok and I could find my way with installing software on my site.
It was a Sunday near the end of April that when I tried to access my site, I found that I exceeded my monthly quota. Due to this, my Website gets blocked and any access was replaced with a generic "Blocked" page. This page has ads and makes money over my expense (the referenced links gain from the popularity of my Website when GoogleBot visits).
In one respect it is a compliment to have your Website become popular and exceed its bandwidth. However, before buying more bandwidth, I wanted to make sure when the new month starts and the bandwith is set to zero. Surprisingly, this information was not on the notification. By the way, notifications are not sent to you by e-mail; they are stored on the Web hosting administration pages, so if you do not visit that page you aremore than likely to miss it. At this point I noticed something strange; since my website was blocked, there was additional traffic arriving which was strange. No, the block page was a HTTP redirect to another web server so any traffic would be minimal (200 bytes per hit?). Due to my website being blocked, I was unable to connect with FTP to access my files either.
"No, we use a rolling 30-day period to calculate your monthly bandwidth. Therefore, there is no day after which your bandwith is set to zero", I was told by the customer support. A rolling 30-day period simply means that every morning your bandwidth for the last 30 days is calculated. If it is under the limit, you get access today, else you are blocked. "So, this means that my 30-day bandwidth total will be smaller tomorrow and I may get access?", I recounted. "No, it is actually possible that the bandwidth may increase and you will still be blocked", he explained. "Can you tell me the daily bandwidth consumption for the last few days?", I insisted. "No, we do not keep daily bandwidth consumption.", he fired back. I don't want to be pushy here, as a web hosting company you need to keep daily bandwidth consumption if you want to use the rolling 30-day period system; you need to know the bandwidth of the oldest day so that you take it off when a new day gets completed.
The following days had this pattern; I would see in the administrative pages of mydomain that the "Bandwidth Used this month" was increasing steadily. I would call the customer support and try to explain that this rolling 30-day period is not working. And no, I do not want to upgrade my bandwidth because something is wrong with your systems.
It is quite funny how ridiculous the situation became. The customer support would not accept that there is a problem with their system. They tried to be polite and professional but it did not work well. I got the "Oh, it's you again" attitude and at some point I heard laughter in the background. Imagine this family conversation at bedtime, "Darling, how was job today?" "We had this crazy customer telling us we don't know how to do our job".
The customer support telephone number is 360-253-2210 which is in Vancouver, WA (US). And it was not outsourced to another country. The customer support explained that the web hosting business is in the same building as well.
Eventually they realised that I might have a point and they promised to investigate. They would send an e-mail to me about it. The next day comes and there was no e-mail (I never received an e-mail). However, my website was up and running. The administrative pages showed that I was given some extra bandwidth. On the other hand, the 30-day bandwidth value never decreased but kept increasing steadily. The access to my website was really good for me as I managed to back up every single bit of my files (and mysql database!). In addition, I grabbed a copy of the log files (the log files of the last 30 days, each day as an individual file).
I enjoyed the extra bandwidth bonanza for a while and when I was blocked again, I got back on the phone. "Bandwidth keeps increasing very quickly, and btw, I wrote a script that parses the log files and shows a substantial discrepancy between MY values and YOUR values", I started. "Sir, you need to upgrade your bandwidth or change hosting plan" he repeated. Somehow I was not suggested this time to wait for my bandwidth to drop.
Eventually I managed to get them to admit that the system that checks the bandwidth is faulty,
As a customer I am not happy with this resolution. My monthly bandwidth is below the hosting plan limit so I should get full service. However, MyDomain does not acknowledge that.
I was quite happy to get the initial offer for a domain name and web hosting bundle last year. I would not mind to keep my webhosting there for the next year. However, this attitude is unacceptable.
We are in May now and I have already moved to a new webhosting company. This is a small company and there is a person behind it that you can contact and have a conversation. The Web hosting features are much more advanced and I have full access to all the features. I'll write about this in a few weeks (if I encountered a problem or all are well). If you are on the technical side, you can find which company it is.
I just checked the mydomain bandwidth quota. Obviously it is not increasing anymore (I moved away from them) but it did not drop a tiny bit.
The customer support number 360-253-2210 corresponds to several companies, namely Dotster, Hostlane, 000domains, SignatureDomains, and NameZero, to name a few. That is, it looks that all these companies are the same with different fronts so that they capture more customers. Therefore, be prepared when calling their customer support number.
Huge lemons in Cyprus?
According to this article by Reuters, there are some huge lemons at the size of a football in Cyprus.
In the article one can read that the lemon trees have been grafted with something else.
What could have happened?
There is a citrus tree called Pomelo that bears huge fruit, similar to the size of a football. It grows in SE Asia, though it is also cultivated commercially in Israel and California.
Most probably, the lemon tree was grafted with a pomelo tree.
It is important to experiment with pomelos to achieve fruits of big size; for example, the grapefruit is a hybrid between orange and pomelo. Pomelos may not be very common as their common taste is rather weak. There is experimentation with hybrids that would make them taste better.
No, they did not send me mini Ubuntu CDs. That's a pomelo.
The limecat, an interesting Internet meme, has a small pomelo as its helmet.
The return
I just arrived back home. I was flying with Ali.
The trip was quite tiring but we managed to pull through.
Rustam was really helpfull, he picked us up on time at midnight (there was an city electricity cut) and we reached the airport swiftly.
There, we waited a bit at the queue to check in. While waiting, a certain "semi-official" person came towards me and asked for my passport. For those who do not know, this is a leading question to give me your money.
I remembered Marek's story and quickly employed the response style Who are you to ask for my passport?. He lost a bit of steam and Ali took over talking in Persian/Tajik. He said we are both Iranians and that guy lost all interest and left.
We got front row seats, overlooking the grey wall of the aircraft, just before the pilot cockpit. The window seat of the row was allocated to a Tajik cardio-surgeon (perhaps a famous one?) who was going to Moscow for a conference. He was nice and talkative.
After four hours on the air, we reached Domodedovo and proceeded to the Transit Area, the dreadful place of eternal wait. You need to wait there for several hours before actually checking in. The wait depends on the time of your connecting flight. Our connecting flight was in 10 hours.
For the uninitiated, I include some shots

General view of Transit Area

Detail of the tiles. (Tile obsession? No, just read on).

View of the refreshment machine and precision scales.

View of shattered window (was still like that on the incoming leg). It's double-glazed and the outer layer is damaged but not broken, so it does not look like an emergency to fix.

The security officer. Oh, "no photos in Transit Area".
As seasoned Domodedovo Transit Passengers, Ali and I wrote down some tips on what to do to kill time while waiting. Ali did most of the work and also provided the cheat list.
34 things to do at Domodedovo Airport Transit Area while waiting
- Open a packet of baby wipes and start cleaning a difficult smudge on the floor; finish all tissues.
- Go to bathroom, change outfit and return. Ask where the transit area is.
- Make houses of cards using Demodedovo Transit information booklets. Compete with fellow passengers for tallest building. Organise competition between passengers and officers.
- Switch on laptop, when noticed, smile cunningly and rub palms together. Exclaim “free access!”.
- Take off shoes and belt while in Transit Area. When asked, reply you want to be ready for body search.
- Ask repeatedly where your checked-in luggage is.
- Enter staring contest with security officer. Hi-five fellow passengers when you win.
- Measure dimensions of shattered window; make estimate of cost to replace and start cookie jar fund.
- Sneeze near shattered window; start crying and apologise for shattering it.
- Weigh yourself at precision machine in the Transit Area. Make loud remarks that it does not report the correct weight.
- Count the number of steps at the staircase leading to transit area (15+15).
- Count the number of steps on elevator leading to transit area (62, 26 showing at any time).
- Count the number of dark blue tiles at the Transit Area (limit to those legally accessible by passengers: 60).
- Use every restroom in area.
- Annoy officers at Transit Area by walking up and down a la goose walk.
- Try to learn Russian by reading aloud the signs.
- Learn to tell the time in Russian (hint: ask security officer every ten minutes)
- Take a photograph of the shattered window (normally not permitted, mmm not encouraged).
- Persuade security officer to take photo of you at the shattered window (normally not permitted).
- Play hop-scotch.
- Close your eyes and walk in the Transit Area; avoid obstacles.
- Ask for help to fill in declaration forms (not required for transit passengers).
- Time the cleaning ladies with stopwatch. Congratulate at end in Russian.
- Examine suspiciously the fruit juice dispenser.
- Use foreign coins (not rubbles) at fruit dispenser. Complain if cans are not dispensed.
- Walk across Transit Area making sure you do not step on white blue tiles.
- Time how long the automatic escalator requires to pause; complain if anyone uses the escalator, show the direction to the stairs.
- Ask “Do you speak English?” to security officer. Observe expression when he says “No”.
- Establish the purpose of strange wire that leads to smoking station.
- Walk behind terminal desks; press random buttons when no one is watching.
- Find blind spots behind the pillars; so that the security officers or administrators cannot see you. Hide all waiting passengers in bling spots.
- Observe closely shattered window. Drag finger on it as if deciphering old script. Exclaim periodically “Aha!”.
- Locate nearer emergency exit. Time yourself how long it takes you to reach it.
- Sit at a check-in desk. When confronted, complain that the Internet kiosk “ate” your ten dollar bill. Demand full refund.
Thanks to the tips, time passed swiftly and we find ourselves at Gate 7, ready to embark the plane. Alas, the security door gets stuck and cannot open. Picture here the attempt for 4 officers trying to break a rather high-security door. After 15 minutes and over 4 minutes of video footage
, they managed to open it and we embarked the plane.
Upon touchdown at London, there is an announcement that Mr Ali and Mr Simos identify themselves to the crew. This obviously spooks the fellow passengers. After a few minutes, we find out that our checked-in luggage has not been sent with this airplane. Great, 10 hours waiting and the luggage are sent in wrong plane.
All in all, FOSSTJ was an excellent experience that I'll never forget.
Νεώτερα από το μέτωπο (ΚώσταςΜ) – FreeFont, γλώσσα_CY και OSCommerce_ελληνικά
Ο Κώστας Μαργαρίτης έστειλε μερικές ενδιαφέρουσες ανακοινώσεις στις γνωστές λίστες:
Νέα τοποθεσία για την ανάπτυξη των γραμματοσειρών FreeFont, ενεργοποίηση των locales el_CY και tr_CY και ανακοίνωση έργου για τον εξελληνισμό του πακέτου OSCommerce.
Το εμαιλ του είναι markos στο debian τελεία gr.
Πολιτικές (policies) για ελεύθερο λογισμικό
Σταδιακά όλο και περισσότερες χώρες εφαρμόζουν πολιτικές σχετικά με τη στάση της κυβέρνησης στο ελεύθερο λογισμικό.
Το Interchange of Data between Administrations (IDA) της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης έχει καταγράψει τί γίνεται σε ευρωπαϊκές και άλλες χώρες. Μια πρόσφατη προσθήκη (που δεν έχει ακόμα συμπεριληφθεί) είναι η περίπτωση της Ελβετίας.
Είναι σημαντικό να υπάρχει πολιτική σε επίπεδο χώρας για το ελεύθερο λογισμικό. Διαφορετικά οι προσπάθειες θα είναι πολύ πιο δύσκολες.



